Use of program-schedule text and teleprompter output to facilitate selection of a portion of a media-program recording

ABSTRACT

In one aspect, an example method involves accessing first data representing a program schedule of a media program; making a determination that first text of the program schedule matches second text displayed by a teleprompter, where a portion of the media program was recorded proximate a time when the second text was displayed; using the first text of the program schedule as a basis to select a portion of the program schedule; and responsive to at least the determination, storing data indicative of a correlation between (i) the selected portion of the program schedule and (ii) the recorded portion of the media program. An example non-transitory computer-readable medium and an example computing device, both related to the example method, are also disclosed herein.

USAGE AND TERMINOLOGY

In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified and/or unless theparticular context clearly dictates otherwise, each usage of “a” or “an”means at least one, and each usage of “the” means the at least one.

BACKGROUND

Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in thissection are not prior art to the claims in this disclosure and are notadmitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

A media program may include multiple portions. For example, a newsprogram may include various news stories, such as sports news stories,local news stories, national news stories, weather reports, etc. In someinstances, the media program may be recorded for later viewing and/orlistening. Also, in some instances, it may be useful to select from therecording, a particular portion of the media program so that theselected portion may be used independently of the rest of the recording.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect, an example method involves accessing first datarepresenting a program schedule of a media program; making adetermination that first text of the program schedule matches secondtext displayed by a teleprompter, where a portion of the media programwas recorded proximate a time when the second text was displayed; usingthe first text of the program schedule as a basis to select a portion ofthe program schedule; and responsive to at least the determination,storing data indicative of a correlation between (i) the selectedportion of the program schedule and (ii) the recorded portion of themedia program.

In a second aspect, an example non-transitory computer-readable mediumhas stored thereon instructions that when executed by a processor, causeperformance of a set of acts involving accessing first data representinga program schedule of a media program; making a determination that firsttext of the program schedule matches second text displayed by ateleprompter, where a portion of the media program was recordedproximate a time when the second text was displayed; using the firsttext of the program schedule as a basis to select a portion of theprogram schedule; and responsive to at least the determination, storingdata indicative of a correlation between (i) the selected portion of theprogram schedule and (ii) the recorded portion of the media program.

In a third aspect, an example computing device includes a processor, acommunication interface, and a non-transitory computer-readable mediumhaving instructions stored thereon that when executed by the processorcause performance of a set of acts including accessing, via thecommunication interface, first data representing a program schedule of amedia program; making a determination that first text of the programschedule matches second text displayed by a teleprompter, where aportion of the media program was recorded proximate a time when thesecond text was displayed; using the first text of the program scheduleas a basis to select a portion of the program schedule; and responsiveto at least the determination, storing data indicative of a correlationbetween (i) the selected portion of the program schedule and (ii) therecorded portion of the media program.

These, as well as other aspects, alternatives, and advantages, willbecome apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading thefollowing detailed description, with reference where appropriate to theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an example system;

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an example computing device;

FIG. 3A depicts an example program schedule of a media program in acondensed format;

FIG. 3B depicts a portion of the example program schedule of FIG. 3A ingreater detail;

FIG. 4 depicts an example display component of a teleprompter; and

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an example method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Overview

As noted above, it may be desirable to select from a recording of amedia program a portion representing a particular portion of the mediaprogram. One way to select the portion may be for an editor to view therecording and to indicate when the portion begins and ends. For example,the editor may mark beginning and ending video frames of the portion.However, this process may be burdensome and time-consuming.

To help improve this process, a computing device may correlate portionsof a program schedule of the media program with respective portions ofthe recording. A program schedule of a media program is a schedule or asummary of the media program, and is typically used to facilitate theproduction of the media program, such as by coordinating the use ofvarious media-content items. In one example, the program schedule mayinclude text corresponding to a sequence of media-program portions(e.g., news stories) that make up the media program, or may include textfor an anchorperson to read aloud as the media program progresses. Bycorrelating portions of a program schedule of a media program withrespective portions of a recording of the media program, a computingdevice may provide an intuitive user interface that allows a user toselect a portion of the media program by selecting a portion of theprogram schedule.

According to the present disclosure, the computing device may correlateportions of the program schedule with respective portions of therecording based on a match between text in the program schedule and textdisplayed by a teleprompter. For example, the computing device mayaccess first data representing the program schedule. The computingdevice may then make a determination that first text of the programschedule matches second text displayed by the teleprompter, where aportion of the media program is recorded proximate a time when thesecond text was displayed by the teleprompter. The computing device maythen use the first text of the program schedule as a basis to select aportion of the program schedule. Finally, in response to at least thedetermination that the first text of the program schedule matches thesecond text displayed by the teleprompter, the computing device maystore data indicative of a correlation between the selected portion ofthe program schedule and the recorded portion of the media program. Inone example, the stored data may be arranged in a table that maps theselected portion of the program schedule to the recorded portion of themedia program.

II. Example Systems and Devices

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an example system 100. Thesystem 100 may include media servers 102A and 102B, a productionswitcher 104, a broadcast system 106, a scheduling system 108, ateleprompter 110, a media recorder 112, and a correlating device 114.

The components of the system 100 may be connected with each other and/orwith other devices (or systems) via one or more communication paths. Forexample, a path 122 may connect the media server 102A and the productionswitcher 104, a path 124 may connect the media server 102B and theproduction switcher 104, a path 126 may connect the scheduling system108 and the production switcher 104, a path 128 may connect thescheduling system 108 and the correlating device 114, a path 130 mayconnect the teleprompter 110 and the correlating device 114, a path 132may connect the production switcher 104 and the broadcast system 106, apath 134 may connect the production switcher 104 and the media recorder112, a path 136 may connect the media recorder 112 and the correlatingdevice 114, and a path 138 may connect the scheduling system 108 and theteleprompter 110.

Through these communication paths, a device may transmit various typesof data to one or more other devices. For example, one device maytransmit instructions to a second device to control the second device.As another example, one device may transit a media stream to anotherdevice. One or more of these paths may traverse a communication network.Notably, such devices may exchange data according to one or morestandards or protocols. For example, one device may send data to anotherdevice in the form of a packet stream.

Generally, each of the media servers 102A and 102B is a deviceconfigured for retrieving a media file, converting the retrieved mediafile into a media stream, and transmitting the converted media stream toanother device. For example, each of the media servers 102A and 102B mayretrieve a media file from data storage or receive the media file fromanother device, convert the media file into a media stream, and transmitthe media stream to the production switcher 104. Each of the mediaservers 102A and 102B may be implemented as a computing device. Anexample of a media server is the K2 server provided by Grass Valley™ ofSan Francisco, Calif.

Generally, the production switcher 104 is a device configured for usingone or more received input media streams to generate an outputmedia-stream. This may involve the production switcher 104 switchingbetween and/or combining multiple media streams received respectivelyfrom the media servers 102A and 102B to generate a media program in theform of the output media-stream. The production switcher 104 may providethe output media-stream to the broadcast system 106 for broadcast. Theproduction switcher 104 may be implemented as a computing device. Anexample of a production switcher is the Vision switcher provided by RossVideo™ of Iroquois, Ontario, Canada.

Generally the broadcast system 106 is a system configured forbroadcasting a media stream to multiple receiver devices (e.g., atelevision or a set-top box). The broadcast system 106 may includesubsystems, such as a master-control system and an air-chain system,among other things. In one example, the broadcast system 106 may receivea media stream from the production switcher 104 to be broadcasted by thebroadcast system 106.

Generally, the scheduling system 108 is a system configured forperforming functions related to scheduling and managing the productionof a media program. For example, the scheduling system 108 may beconfigured for creating or editing a program schedule (sometimesreferred to as a “rundown”) of a media program based on input receivedvia a user interface. The program schedule may include text representinga summary or outline of predetermined media-program portions (e.g., newsstories) that make up the media program. In other examples, the programschedule may include text to be displayed by teleprompter 110 and/orread aloud by an anchorperson of the media program. In some examples,the scheduling system 108 may provide data representing one or moreportions of the program schedule to the correlating device 114. Thescheduling system 108 may be implemented as a computing device.

Generally, the teleprompter 110 is configured for displaying text thatis to be read aloud by an anchorperson of the media program. Theteleprompter 110 may include a display component, such as a cathode raytube, an LCD screen, a plasma screen, etc. In one example, theteleprompter 110 may receive, from the scheduling system 108, datarepresenting the text to be read aloud. In another example, theteleprompter 110 may access such data from a data storage device. Insome cases, the teleprompter 110 may provide data representing thedisplayed text to the correlating device 114. The teleprompter 110 maybe implemented as a computing device.

Generally, the media recorder 112 is a device configured for convertinga media stream into a media file (this process is sometimes referred toas “recording a media stream”). In one example, the media recorder 112may receive a media stream from the production switcher 104, convert thereceived media-stream into a media file, and store the convertedmedia-file in data storage. In one example, the media recorder 112 mayprovide the converted media-file to the correlating device 114. Themedia recorder 112 may be implemented as a computing device. An exampleof a media recorder is the K2 server provided by Grass Valley™ of SanFrancisco, Calif.

Generally, the correlating device 114 is a device configured forcorrelating portions of a program schedule of a media program torespective portions of a recording of the media program. In one example,the correlating device 114 may receive from the teleprompter 110, datarepresenting text displayed by the teleprompter 110. Further, thecorrelating device 114 may receive from the scheduling system 108, datarepresenting the program schedule of the media program. In addition, thecorrelating device 114 may receive from the media recorder 112, datarepresenting the recorded media-program. The correlating device 114 maybe implemented as a computing device.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an example computing device 200.The computing device 200 may be configured for performing a variety offunctions or acts, such as those described in this disclosure (includingthe accompanying drawings). The computing device 200 may take a varietyof forms, including for example a desktop computer, a laptop computer, atablet computer, or a mobile phone. The computing device 200 may includevarious components, including for example, a user interface 202, acommunication interface 204, a processor 206, and a data storage 208,all of which may be communicatively linked to each other via a systembus, network, or other connection mechanism 210.

The user interface 202 may facilitate interaction with a user of thecomputing device 200, if applicable. As such, the user interface 202 mayinclude input components such as a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, atouch-sensitive panel, a microphone, and a camera, and output componentssuch as a display screen (which, for example, may be combined with atouch-sensitive panel), a sound speaker, and a haptic feedback system.

The communication interface 204 may take a variety of forms and may beconfigured to allow the computing device 200 to communicate with one ormore devices or systems according to one or more protocols. In oneexample, the communication interface 204 may take the form of a wiredinterface, such as an Ethernet interface or an HD-SDI port. As anotherexample, the communication interface 204 may take the form of a wirelessinterface, such as a cellular or WI-FI interface.

The processor 206 may include a general purpose processor (e.g., amicroprocessor) and/or a special purpose processor (e.g., a digitalsignal processor (DSP)).

The data storage 208 may include one or more volatile, non-volatile,removable, and/or non-removable storage components, such as magnetic,optical, or flash storage, and may be integrated in whole or in partwith the processor 206. Further, the data storage 208 may take the formof a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having storedthereon program instructions (e.g., compiled or non-compiled programlogic and/or machine code) that, when executed by the processor 206,cause the computing device 200 to perform one or more functions or acts,such as those described in this disclosure. Such program instructionsmay define or be part of a discrete software application that can beexecuted in response to certain inputs received from the user interface202, for instance. The data storage 208 may also store other types ofinformation or data, such as those types described throughout thisdisclosure.

III. Example Program Schedule

FIG. 3A depicts an example program schedule 300 of a media program in acondensed format. The program schedule 300 may be broken into blocks ofmedia-program portions. For example, Block A may include news stories A1and A2, Block B may include news stories B1 and B2, and Block C mayinclude news story C1. As shown, the program schedule 300 may include,for news stories A1, A2, B2, and C1, respective text that is scheduledto be displayed by the teleprompter 110 so that it can be read aloud byan anchorperson. For example, the program schedule 300 may include, fornews story A1, text 302. (A particular portion 304 of the programschedule 300 is discussed below in section V.)

FIG. 3B depicts a portion of the example program schedule 300 in greaterdetail. In particular, FIG. 3B depicts the text 302. (The text 302 mayinclude text 306, which is discussed below in section V.)

IV. Example Teleprompter Display Component

FIG. 4 depicts an example display component 400 of the teleprompter 110.The display component 400 may display text 402. The display component400 may include an active-line region 404 which may roughly indicatereal-time progress of the media program. That is, at any given moment,the anchorperson may be reading aloud some of the text displayed in theactive-line region 404. (Displayed within the active-line region 404 maybe text 406, which is discussed below in section V.)

V. Example Operations

FIG. 5 is a flow chart depicting acts that can be carried out in anexample method 500.

At block 502, the method 500 involves accessing first data representinga program schedule of a media program. This may involve accessing thefirst data from a data storage device. In another example, this mayinvolve receiving the first data from a scheduling system. The firstdata may be accessed from other sources as well. In one example, the actat block 502 may involve the correlating device 114 accessing first datarepresenting the program schedule 300 from the scheduling system 108.

At block 504, the method 500 involves making a first determination thatfirst text of the program schedule matches second text displayed by ateleprompter. The first text may be text of the program schedule, wherethe text is scheduled to be displayed by the teleprompter. For instance,the first text may be the text 302. The second text may be all of thetext being displayed by a teleprompter at a given time. For instance,the second text may be the text 402. Alternatively, the second text maybe text displayed in a particular region of a display component of theteleprompter. For instance, the second text may be the text 406.Notably, a portion of the media program may be recorded proximate a timewhen the second text was displayed. In one example, the act at block 504may involve the correlating device 114 making a first determination thatthe text 302 matches the text 406 displayed by the teleprompter 110,where a portion of the media program was recorded proximate a time whenthe text 406 was displayed by the teleprompter 110.

At block 506, the method 500 involves using the first text of theprogram schedule as a basis to select a portion of the program schedule.This may involve selecting a portion of the program schedule based onthe first text being included within that portion. In one example, theportion may consist of text and other information associated with aparticular news story. In one example, the act at block 506 may involvethe correlating device 114 using the text 302 as a basis to select theportion 304 of the program schedule 300, where the portion 304represents a portion associated with the news story A2.

At block 508, the method 500 includes, responsive to at least the firstdetermination, storing data indicative of a correlation between (i) theselected portion of the program schedule and (ii) the recorded portionof the media program. This may involve storing a memory address wheredata representing the selected portion of the program schedule may beaccessed, or storing data representing the selected portion itself.Further, this may involve storing a memory address where datarepresenting the recorded portion of the media program may be accessed,or storing data representing one or more video frames constituting therecorded portion of the media program. In one example, the recordedportion of the media program may be an initial frame of a news story,but alternatively could include some or all of the frames representingthe news story. In one example, the act at block 508 may involveresponsive to at least the first determination, storing data indicativeof a correlation between (i) the portion 304 of the program schedule 300and (ii) the recorded portion of the media program (that was displayedproximate the time the text 302 was displayed by the teleprompter 110).

Using this data, the correlating device 114 may provide an intuitiveuser interface that allows a user to select the recorded portion of themedia program by selecting the portion 304 of the program schedule 300.For example, the correlating device 114 may provide in the portion 304of the program schedule 300, a hyperlink that references a memorylocation where data representing the recorded portion of the mediaprogram is stored, thus allowing a user to click the link within theprogram schedule 300 and be directed to the corresponding recordedportion of the media program.

Further acts related to the method 500 may include making a seconddetermination that the recorded portion of the media program wasrecorded proximate the time when the second text was displayed. In oneexample, the correlating device 114 may receive, from the media recorder112, data that represents the recorded portion of the media program. Thecorrelating device 114 may then determine that the recorded portion ofthe media program was recorded proximate the time when the text 406 wasdisplayed by the display component 400 by (i) receiving the recordeddata contemporaneous with receiving data representing the text 406 fromthe teleprompter 110, or (ii) comparing timestamps respectivelyassociated with the recorded data and data representing the text 406. Inthis context, the stored data indicative of the correlation between theselected portion of the program schedule and the recorded portion of themedia program may be stored responsive to the second determination (inaddition to being stored responsive to the first determination).

Further acts related to the method 500 may involve making a thirddetermination that the teleprompter displayed multiple scrollingcharacters of text at a scrolling rate that satisfies one or morepredetermined criterion, and making a fourth determination that at leasta portion of the multiple scrolling characters of text match the firsttext. In this context, the stored data indicative of the correlationbetween the selected portion of the program schedule and the recordedportion of the media program may be stored responsive to the third andfourth determinations (in addition to being stored responsive to thefirst determination). As one example, the characters of the multiplescrolling characters of text may include letters, numbers, spaces,and/or punctuation marks. Other examples of characters are possible.

As shown in FIG. 4, the display component 400 may display the text 402and other text together in a scrolling fashion, such that the scrollingtext appears to move upward through the display component 400. In otherexamples, the scrolling text may move rightward, leftward, downward, orin some combination of one or more of these directions. In someinstances, the correlating device 114 may receive, from the teleprompter110, data indicating a scrolling rate (e.g., 21 characters per minuteupward or 11 characters per minute downward) corresponding to thescrolling text as it moves through the display component 400. In otherexamples, the correlating device 114 may receive a data streamrepresenting the changing text displayed by the display component 400 astime passes. The correlating device 114 may use the data stream todetermine how quickly one or more characters of text of the scrollingtext are moving through the display component 400 to determine thescrolling rate.

Based, at least in part, on either (i) the received data representingthe scrolling rate or (ii) the determined scrolling rate, thecorrelating device 114 may make the second determination. For example,making the second determination may include determining that thescrolling rate satisfies one or more predetermined criterion. Such oneor more criterion may include the scrolling rate is less than 21characters per second and/or greater than 11 characters per second, forexample. The correlating device 114 may also make a fifth determinationthat at least a portion of the scrolling text (e.g., the text 406)matches the first text (e.g., the text 306). In this context, the storeddata indicative of the correlation between the selected portion of theprogram schedule and the recorded portion of the media program may bestored responsive to the fifth determination (in addition to beingstored responsive to the first determination).

Further acts related to the method 500 may involve receiving anindication of the selected portion of the program schedule; using thereceived indication and the stored data to select the recorded portionof the media program; and displaying at least a portion of the selectedrecorded portion of the media program. For example, the correlatingdevice 114 may receive an indication (e.g., a mouse click input) of ahyperlink corresponding to the selected portion of the program schedule.The correlating device 114 may then query a data table that maps theselected portion of the program schedule to the recorded portion of themedia program (or a memory address of the recorded portion of the mediaprogram). In this way, the correlating device 114 may select therecorded portion of the media program so that the correlating device 114may display at least a portion (e.g., an initial frame) of the recordedportion of the media program. For example, it may be useful to “cue” therecording of the media program to what has been determined to be aninitial frame of a news story, so that an editor may easily select alarger portion of the recording to be associated with the news story.

VI. Example Variations

The variations described in connection with select examples of thedisclosed systems, devices, and methods may be applied to all otherexamples of the disclosed systems, devices, and methods.

Further, while one or more acts have been described as being performedby or otherwise related to certain systems or devices (e.g., thecorrelating device 114), the acts may be performed by or be otherwiserelated to any system or device.

Further, the acts need not be performed in the disclosed order, althoughin some examples, an order may be preferred. Also, not all acts need tobe performed to achieve the desired advantages of the disclosed systems,devices, and methods, and therefore not all acts are required.

While select examples of the present disclosure have been described,alterations and permutations of these examples will be apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art. Other changes, substitutions, andalterations are also possible without departing from the invention inits broader aspects as set forth in the following claims.

1. A method comprising: accessing first data representing a programschedule of a media program; making a determination that first text ofthe program schedule is associated with second text displayed by ateleprompter, wherein a portion of the media program was recordedproximate a time when the second text was displayed; using the firsttext of the program schedule as a basis to select a portion of theprogram schedule; and responsive to at least the determination, storingdata indicative of a correlation between (i) the selected portion of theprogram schedule and (ii) the recorded portion of the media program. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the determination is a firstdetermination, the method further comprising: making a seconddetermination that the recorded portion of the media program wasrecorded proximate the time when the second text was displayed, whereinresponsive to at least the first determination comprises responsive toat least the first and second determinations.
 3. The method of claim 1,further comprising: receiving, from the teleprompter, second datarepresenting the second text; and making the determination based, atleast in part, on the received second data.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the teleprompter comprises a display component having an activeline region, and wherein making the determination that first text of theprogram schedule is associated with second text displayed by theteleprompter comprises making a determination that first text of theprogram schedule is associated with second text displayed in the activeline region of the display component.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinthe determination is a first determination, the method furthercomprising: making a second determination that the teleprompterdisplayed multiple scrolling characters of text at a scrolling rate thatsatisfies one or more predetermined criterion; and making a thirddetermination that at least a portion of the multiple scrollingcharacters of text are associated with the first text, whereinresponsive to at least the first determination comprises responsive toat least the first, second, and third determinations.
 6. The method ofclaim 5, further comprising: determining the scrolling rate; and makingthe second determination based, at least in part, on the determinedscrolling rate.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or morepredetermined criterion comprises a criterion that the scrolling rate isless than 21 characters per second.
 8. The method of claim 5, whereinthe one or more predetermined criterion comprises a criterion that thescrolling rate is greater than 11 characters per second.
 9. The methodof claim 1, wherein the media program comprises multiple news stories,wherein the selected portion of the program schedule corresponds to aparticular one of the multiple news stories, and wherein the recordedportion of the media program comprises an initial frame of the newsstory.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving anindication of the selected portion of the program schedule; using thereceived indication and the stored data to select the recorded portionof the media program; and displaying at least a portion of the selectedrecorded portion of the media program.
 11. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that whenexecuted cause performance of a set of acts comprising: accessing firstdata representing a program schedule of a media program; making adetermination that first text of the program schedule is associated withsecond text displayed by a teleprompter, wherein a portion of the mediaprogram was recorded proximate a time when the second text wasdisplayed; using the first text of the program schedule as a basis toselect a portion of the program schedule; and responsive to at least thedetermination, storing data indicative of a correlation between (i) theselected portion of the program schedule and (ii) the recorded portionof the media program.
 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 11, wherein the determination is a first determination, the actsfurther comprising: making a second determination that the teleprompterdisplayed multiple scrolling characters of text at a scrolling rate thatsatisfies one or more predetermined criterion; and making a thirddetermination that at least a portion of the multiple scrollingcharacters of text are associated with the first text, whereinresponsive to at least the first determination comprises responsive toat least the first, second, and third determinations.
 13. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, the acts furthercomprising: determining the scrolling rate; and making the seconddetermination based, at least in part, on the determined scrolling rate.14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein theone or more predetermined criterion comprises a criterion that thescrolling rate is less than 21 characters per second.
 15. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the one ormore predetermined criterion comprises a criterion that the scrollingrate is greater than 11 characters per second.
 16. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 11, the acts further comprising:receiving an indication of the selected portion of the program schedule;using the received indication and the stored data to select the recordedportion of the media program; and displaying at least a portion of theselected recorded portion of the media program.
 17. A computing devicecomprising: a processor; a communication interface; and a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that whenexecuted by the processor cause performance of a set of acts comprising:accessing, via the communication interface, first data representing aprogram schedule of a media program; making a determination that firsttext of the program schedule is associated with second text displayed bya teleprompter, wherein a portion of the media program was recordedproximate a time when the second text was displayed; using the firsttext of the program schedule as a basis to select a portion of theprogram schedule; and responsive to at least the determination, storingdata indicative of a correlation between (i) the selected portion of theprogram schedule and (ii) the recorded portion of the media program. 18.The computing device of claim 17, the acts further comprising: making asecond determination that the teleprompter displayed multiple scrollingcharacters of text at a scrolling rate that satisfies one or morepredetermined criterion; and making a third determination that at leasta portion of the multiple scrolling characters of text are associatedwith the first text, wherein responsive to at least the firstdetermination comprises responsive to at least the first, second, andthird determinations.
 19. The computing device of claim 18, the actsfurther comprising: determining the scrolling rate; and making thesecond determination based, at least in part, on the determinedscrolling rate.
 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the one ormore predetermined criterion comprises a criterion that the scrollingrate is greater than 11 characters per second.